Summary, NIH Consensus Conference on Acupuncture 1997

A consensus panel convened by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in November 1997 concluded there is clear evidence that needle acupuncture treatment is effective for postoperative and chemotherapy nausea and vomiting, nausea of pregnancy, and postoperative dental pain.

The 12-member panel also concluded that there are a number of other pain-related conditions for which acupuncture may be effective as an adjunct therapy, an acceptable alternative, or as part of a comprehensive treatment program. but for which there is less convincing scientific data. These conditions include but are not limited to addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia (general muscle pain), low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma.

"We need more high quality research to validate what appears to be useful for the millions of Americans that have used acupuncture in this country. The challenge in studying acupuncture is to integrate the theory of Chinese medicine into the conventional Western biomedical research model and into the conventional health care arena," said panel chairman David J. Ramsay, D.M., D. Phil., president of the University of Maryland, Baltimore.

According to the World Health Organization, in 1997 there were approximately 10,000 acupuncture specialists in the U.S., and an estimated 3,000 practicing acupuncturists are physicians. In 1993 the Food and Drug Administration reported that Americans were spending $500 million per year and making approximately 9 to 12 million patient visits for acupuncture treatments.

To enhance the acceptance of acupuncture in the U.S., the panel emphasized the need for improved understanding of perspectives between acupuncture practitioners and today's conventional health care community. The panel commended the ongoing increase in improved training and called for more uniform licensing, certification, and accreditation of acupuncturists among States, which will help the public identify qualified acupuncture practitioners and to have more assurance in quality of service. At that time, thirty-four states license or otherwise regulate the practice of acupuncture by nonphysicians, and have established training standards for certification to practice acupuncture.

Adverse side effects of acupuncture are extremely low and often lower than conventional treatments. However, the panel noted that adverse side effects have occurred on rare occasions. They recommended that patients be fully informed of their treatment options, expected prognosis, relative risk, and safety practices to minimize the risks prior to undergoing acupuncture treatment. Because many individuals seek health care treatment from both acupuncturists and physicians, the consensus panel advocated a strengthening of communications between these health care provider groups to maximize the possibility that important medical problems are not overlooked. The panel additionally encouraged broader public access to acupuncture treatment by urging insurance companies, Federal and state health insurance programs including Medicare and Medicaid, and other third party payers to expand their coverage to include appropriate acupuncture treatments. Doing so, the panel stated, would help remove the financial barriers to access to these services.

Finally, the panel identified important areas for future acupuncture research. In particular, the panel emphasized the importance of evaluating acupuncture for the treatment of specific conditions using study designs that can withstand rigorous scientific scrutiny. "The acceptance of acupuncture as a reliable therapeutic choice in Western medicine will depend on such rigorous studies," said Dr. Ramsay.